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Key statistics

The identity block — every fact is canon, none is generated.

2 of 8

Track

Individual contributor

Family rungs priced

P1 · P2 · P3 · P4 · P5 · P6

51-0000

industrial_energy_operations

Coordinates

3 / 4 spaces

pay@2 · 2026-07

What this role is

Supports the operation and monitoring of refinery processing units under general guidance. At the Developing Professional (P2) level, the role owns defined deliverables / small features, applies established patterns, and drives own and immediate-team deliverables. May guide interns.

What this level does

Operate and monitor process units from the panel or field within specification, maintaining process variable targets across a defined section of the unit
Execute routine setpoint changes and simple loop adjustments within established operating envelopes under general instruction
Validate product quality using on-line analyzers and lab results, making conventional adjustments to reflux, reboiler duty, or cut points as directed
Troubleshoot common process upsets, conduct routine tests, and coordinate with field operators to maintain production efficiency
Participate in safety audits and emergency response drills, and support start-up/shutdown steps under senior direction

Knowledge applied: Applies working knowledge of unit operations (distillation, treating, blending) to operate a defined section within spec using established procedures.
Complexity & problem solving: Exercises judgment in familiar contexts — troubleshoots common upsets and makes conventional adjustments within operating envelopes.
Collaboration & interaction: Builds productive working relationships with field operators and maintenance; coordinates routine tasks across the crew.
Typical experience: 2+ years of operating experience, with demonstrated console competency on part of a unit.

Skills at this level

Operations Monitoring: — Watches gauges, dials, and DCS display screens to confirm process equipment is running and to detect off-target pressure, temperature, level, and flow before they breach alarm limits.
DCS/PLC Control-System Operation: — Safely and efficiently operates refinery process units through a DCS/PLC control-room interface — making setpoint changes, managing control modes, and acknowledging alarms.
Advanced Process Control Management: — Configures and operates cascade, ratio, and split-range control loops and tunes them within the unit's operating envelope to hold product on spec.
Unit Transition Execution: — Carries out start-up, shutdown, and unit transitions — cool-down, heat-up, line-up, decoking/regeneration, and feed switchovers — following approved sequences.
Process Unit Knowledge: — Applies working knowledge of refinery unit operations including distillation, cracking, reforming, blending, and treating to run and adjust the process.
Product Quality Validation: — Confirms product quality using on-line analyzers and lab results and adjusts cut points, reflux, reboiler duty, and hydrogen rates to bring streams into specification.
Emergency Response & Shutdown Handling: — Coordinates trip logic, ESD actions, depressurization, and flare routing during upsets and issues safe recovery steps for the unit.
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) & Field Safety: — Follows LOTO isolation and field safety procedures when sampling, isolating equipment, or supporting maintenance to prevent uncontrolled energy release.
Process Troubleshooting: — Diagnoses process upsets and yield gaps by evaluating feed quality, heat balance, catalyst condition, and equipment behavior, then selects corrective actions.
Crude-Slate Optimization: — Uses refinery optimization tools to adjust crude slates and unit operation in response to system, supply, or market fluctuations to maximize refinery contribution.
Mechanical Aptitude: — Applies knowledge of pumps, valves, exchangers, and related machines and tools — their uses, and basic maintenance needs — to operate and safely isolate field equipment.
Continuous Improvement: — Applies structured continuous-improvement approaches to refine operating workflows and procedures for better output, quality, and reliability.
Shift Supervision & Coordination: — Directs and coordinates the activities of production and operating workers across a shift, resolving operating conflicts and leading recovery efforts.

Model-authored from 15 retrieved sources, then adversarially reviewed by an independent judge panel and held to a minimum-evidence floor before publication. Distinct from corpus-extracted content, which is labelled as such.

Pay across the ladder

Refinery — median with , by . Real canon data.

National-base pricing — this family's function differential is pending review, so dollar levels are not function-adjusted (level-over-level % is unaffected).

Pay figures are modeled estimates from our market equation — level-differentiated, with honest-wide bands. They refresh as new leveling evidence lands; treat per-role dollars as directional.

Demand — is the field growing, or just turning over?

SOC 51-0000 · national

Employment growth 2019–2024, BLS OEWSobserved

-13.6%Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers · United States

40,370 → 34,860 jobs

3,200 openings / year, split into:

replacement / exits 3,298

Growth — new jobs (-3%)Exits — backfill (100%)

This occupation is projected to contract — every opening is replacing someone leaving, not net new demand.

Projected growth 2024–34 contracting: -2.8%
Growth share of hiring: -3%
Exit / retention pressure high: 100%
Openings / year: 3,200

Two quantities, kept apart: observed = employment growth differenced from two BLS OEWS vintages (what already happened); projected = BLS Employment Projections 2024–34, openings decomposed into growth + exits (growth derived from projected employment change). Neither is a pay figure.

Where this role sits — growth vs. pay

level P2 held

Demand axis is projected growth (not raw openings — that just measures churn). A curated, de-duplicated set of recognizable occupations held at this level; this role is highlighted.

Where it pays — by metro

OEWS metro median

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA$124k

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA$112k

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV$103k

Boulder, CO$102k

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA$102k

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH$97k

Lexington Park, MD$95k

Trenton-Princeton, NJ$94k

Pay only — metro-level demand isn't in public data (it needs job postings). National median $75k; the demand-cube initiative will add growth-by-metro.

What changes across the ladder

Level-distinction canon isn't available for the adjacent levels of this profile yet.

Level differentiators

What separates P2 (P2 — Developing Professional) from the levels around it — this level only. Every word is real canon for this profile.

Scope: Defined deliverables / small features
Autonomy: General supervision; reviewed at milestones
Complexity: Some non-routine problems; applies established patterns
Impact: Own and immediate-team deliverables
Decision rights: Routine technical choices within guidance
Leadership: May guide interns

Full level-by-level matrix (side by side across the ladder) lives on the Ladder drill-down — not here.

Promotion

The next rung from P2 is P3.

Performance criteria for this profile render in the assessment kit →

People also watch

Nearest coordinate neighbors — same , same level. Each row's (confident / review / no match) comes from its — computed, not curated.

Profile	Key	Median	Δ structural
SVP of Refinery Operations	jf_refinery::E2	$322,728†	confident0.06
Refinery Senior Supervisor	jf_refinery::M2	$110,455†	confident0.06
Refinery Operator II	jf_refinery::S2	$42,923†	confident0.06
Refinery Process Engineer	jf_refinery::P1	$61,862†	confident0.06

†National-base pricing — this family's function differential is pending review, so the dollar level is not function-adjusted.

Capability cluster

O*NET 51-8093

Core to this role. Click any element with an ⓘ for its O*NET definition. A job-specific capability model (SkillFrame) will sharpen this and add worked examples.

The Job Swatch

P2

jf_refinery::P2

Refinery Process Engineer

Refinery

The swatch is JobFrame's core primitive: a hueset deterministically by the role's superfunction, the profileKey as its color code, the level ladder, and a content fingerprint. Two swatches that look alike are alike.

Because every role carries computable coordinates, similarity, leveling, and pricing become measurable instead of arguable— the whole point of "Pantone for jobs."

Structural

structural@1

Where it sits— position in the work taxonomy + level (weighted Gower, level > function > focus).

Track: P
Superfunction: industrial_energy_operations
Function: plant_operations
Family: refinery
Universal level: 2 / 8

Content

content@2

What it's about— a fingerprint over the role's tasks & capabilities.

Two roles can sit far apart structurally yet be close in content — that gap is itself a signal.

3-state matching

How any two swatches compare — a real distance in coordinate space, resolved to a calibrated verdict (never a fake "94% match").

Mining Processing Plant · P2review0.17

Nuclear Power Plant · P2review0.17

Plant Maintenance (Energy/Mining) · P2review0.17

Plant Operations (Energy/Mining) · P2review0.17

Power Plant Management · P2review0.17

Renewables Plant · P2review0.17

Editions — frozen & versioned

structural@1live

Released 2026-06-17

content@2live

Released 2026-07-28

pay@2live

Released 2026-07-02

semantic@1live

Released 2026-07-02

Coordinates belong to a frozen, versioned edition — a coordinate computed today still means the same thing next quarter. Re-fitting issues a new edition, so comparisons are never silently redefined.

How to read this profile

Every number here is traceable — to a named source, a stated method, and an as-of date — and each value is labeled by how we know it: observed from data, computed by a model, projected forward, or governed canon. Nothing is a black box, and nothing is invented to fill a gap.

Where every number comes from

What	Source & method	Edition	State
Median pay + range	JobFrame pay equation (function base × family multiplier × level × focus differential)	pay@2	computed
Pay across the ladder	Same equation applied at each universal level	pay@2	computed
Demand — growth & openings	BLS Employment Projections; openings decomposed into growth + exits	EP 2024–34	projected
Pay by metro	BLS OEWS metropolitan medians	OEWS 2024	observed
Level distinctions	JobFrame universal-level canon (scope · autonomy · complexity · impact · decision rights · leadership)	canon	canon
Capability cluster	O*NET Knowledge / Skills / Abilities	O*NET 51-8093	computed
Coordinates	JobFrame coordinate system — structural (weighted Gower) + content fingerprint	structural@1 · content@2 · pay@2 · semantic@1	computed
Related roles	Nearest neighbors in the structural coordinate space	structural@1	computed

The principles behind the numbers

Ranges, not false precision

Pay is P10 · median · P90, never a single misleading number.

Three honest states, never a fake %

Role matches resolve to confident / review / no-match — a calibrated verdict, not a made-up percentage.

Provenance on every value

Each number carries whether it's observed, computed, projected, or canon — so you always know how much to lean on it.

Gaps shown as gaps

When a figure isn't available at the grain you need, we say so — we don't fabricate a number to fill the cell.

Frozen, versioned editions

Pay and coordinate editions are pinned, so a comparison you make today still means the same thing next quarter.

Privacy by min-N

Any aggregate over people is suppressed below a minimum count, so no individual is identifiable.

Freshness

As of2026-07-30Editioncanon-v2@2.1.0-completeSourcecanon-v2 cell + salary-benchmark (model)